Halperin describes a high-level understanding of what tuning is and what we can learn from analyzing data from real-world systems. She summarizes possible solutions to common error modes, such as parameter tweaks, and grammar and lexicon updates. Normandin reviews proven techniques and best practices for maximizing the performance of speech applications including the grammar tuning process, performance metrics, developing grammars with performance in mind, setting confidence levels, phonetic pronunciations, multilingual issues, and common problems.